
Tips on the proper care and feeding of Alfalfa
Background: Alfalfa is a plant in the Legume (bean) family which originated in South West Asia, in what is now Iraq. Alfalfa was introduced to Europe in the 5th century. And made its way to south America via the Spanish […]

PHOSPHORUS SOURCE AND BEET LIME EXPERIMENT UPDATE
Stanworth Consultants is conducting a replicated experiment to analyze the potential effects on soil chemistry by the use of applications of large amounts of beet lime on calcareous soils. A replicated experiment is now underway with 4 treatments of different […]

Tips on the Proper Care and Feeding of Alfalfa
苜蓿草的合理养护要点:土壤准备 苜蓿草是源自西南亚(现在的伊拉克)的豆科植物。它于公元5世纪引进到欧洲。然后经过西班牙引进到南美洲。最终,在19世纪中期经由智利引进到美国加州。苜蓿能很好的适应石灰石土壤 (碱性pH)。因此,它能够种植在美国西部,如今,单单是在加州就已经种植超过1百万英亩(6百万亩)。苜蓿草非常适合在中国种植。 根部区域:苜蓿草有非常深的根系。一株苜蓿草的有效根部区域超过1米。苜蓿草适合很多土壤类型,从粉壤土到很粗的砂质土壤。保证其高产的要点是要有良好的排水性。苜蓿草在积水很长时间的土地上很难生长良好。苜蓿草喜欢碱性pH和适中的土壤盐度,但过高的土壤盐度又会限制苜蓿生长。Stanworth 实验室定期为农场提供苜蓿生长可行性的咨询。这就需要对土壤进行检测。因为土壤的排水性和根部区域很重要,通常土壤取样要达到2米深(见图)。一块土地的土壤要对多个区域取样,通常每5公顷的区域挖1个坑。土壤的取样要深入到地下2米。每33厘米的深度的土壤要分别检测。这样可以帮我们判断有没有限制根生长的土壤层。土壤的分析检测包括:土壤盐分,湿度(排水性),土壤质地,和养分。这里要尤其注意的是寻找可能限制水流动的土壤层。 土壤准备:好的土壤准备对作物的成功种植是非常必要的。苗床必须准备好,要松并且不能土块太多。土壤和种子接触良好对良好的根系建立是很必要的。土块多的土壤会导致零星发芽和植群稀少。苜蓿草种子较小而且没有足够的资源在艰难的环境下生长。所以良好的整地很必要。通常,种植者在种植前深耕土壤。这样为主根深入创造出一个很好的土壤环境。拖拉机拖拽深至1米的钢爪经过底土,来打碎可能限制根或者水份流入土壤的硬质土壤层。表面土壤结皮可能也会影响苜蓿的培植,因为幼苗很难向上推出土壤表面。 水分要求:在播种前,为土地提供足够的水十分重要。在土壤准备好接受灌溉之后,最好再次注满水使整个根部区域湿润。如果土壤很干,这也许需要大量的水,花费几天的时间灌溉使土壤准备就绪。水量可以估计。举个例子,如果为壤土灌溉,为了让水充满地下一米的土壤需要13cm的水(想像在土地表面上蓄水13cm)。如果土地是指针灌溉的,这意味着连续灌溉10天!这样灌溉可以保证两点:1. 为幼苗提供良好的湿度来扎根到土壤;2. 使竞争的杂草发芽以保证在植株建立前得以控制。种植后,有时候可能需要轻度灌溉来使表面结皮松软利于幼苗破土。苜蓿草的根生长迅速而且惊人的深。在一株苜蓿幼苗建立的过程中,低于10毫米高的幼苗通常有一个250毫米深的根。在植株建立后,高产苜蓿需要大量的水来保证高产。使灌溉尽量接近收割是一个很好的做法,因为良好的水分对植物的重新生长十分必要。如果让缺水的植物在捡捆后等待灌溉,那是要付出代价的。 肥料要求:苜蓿对磷和钾肥的反应良好,如果土壤检测的结果显示需要这两种肥的话。因为苜蓿是豆科植物,一般不需要施氮肥,但是种子接种根瘤菌来帮助植株固氮很重要。为植株施磷肥的最重要的时间是在播种前。磷对根系的发展很重要,所以播种区必须有丰富的磷以保证植物发芽时的良好的摄取。通常播种前施磷肥的比率为从50到150千克/公顷的磷酸盐。在土地整理好之后,通常需要额外的磷和钾肥来保证良好的产量。施肥的比率因产量潜力不同而不同,产量越高,需肥越多。估计肥料需求的最好方法是基于土壤分析。在植株建立之后,施肥的最佳时机是收割之后。原因是在收割后苜蓿根生长迅速并于土壤中增殖,所以收割后第一次灌溉这个时机适合作物摄取养分。 关于作者:艾伦奎斯特是Stanworth 咨询公司的总裁。 他是一个得到认证的农学家,土壤科学家和农业灌溉专家。Stanworth 农作物咨询公司自1974年起就配备了一个土壤和植物检测室内实验室。艾伦奎斯特在中东和中国地区有着丰富的国际顾问经验。
Posts from the Archive: The Goal and Objectives of Good Irrigation Management.
Sometimes you stumble on some old work and say, wow did I write that? Below are some thoughts on the benefits of good irrigation scheduling. Perhaps the most misunderstood, over looked, and under utilized practice in crop production systems today […]
Alfalfa Irrigation, the last kiss before the cutting.
Good alfalfa production depends on good irrigation scheduling in the desert. The most critical irrigation is the one prior to the cutting. Fields that lack sufficient water for good regrowth after the cutting suffer significant yield losses. Each […]
Real Time Soil Moisture Reports
Recently new IT products allow traditional soil moisture meters to update to the internet to give reports in “real time”. The report to the right is an example of how soil moisture is depleted from the rootzone of an established […]
Decagon Logger Measures Rain Event
As the old Arab saying goes “All sunshine makes a desert”, so it is that I post a recent rain event here in our valley. We received 2.28 inches of rain Tuesday morning. This event was recorded by our Decagon […]
Irrigation Management- Nitrogen Efficiency
As I am reviewing last seasons Wheat agronomic reports one fact keep appearing. Good irrigation management pays in savings on nitrogen applications. Part of our service is to review the previous seasons agronomic reports with growers. But this year, the […]
Anhydrous-Schmanhydrous
Each year I come into contact with local growers that are led to believe that water run applications of anhydrous ammonia hardens the soil. They are concerned that applying this form will lead to losses in soil quality and crop […]
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